Complications of oral piercings
When a person is considering getting a piercing, he
should know that he is putting himself in danger and that there are risks in
getting a piercing. The Techqueer oral cavity is a warm and humid environment that
contains millions of bacteria. These bacteria can then spread to other people
without proper infection control measures or they can migrate through the
piercing wound into the bloodstream with multiple consequences. These and other
complications of oral perforations can be classified into 4 types: 8,25,28
Complications can occur at any time.
Complications that occur during the initial piercing
procedure.
Primary postoperative complications (short-term
complications) that occur immediately after the piercing.
Secondary postoperative complications (long-term
complications) that occur over time.
Complications that can occur at any time include:
Transmission/development of hepatitis B, C, D, E, G;
tetanus; tuberculosis; Herpes Simple; Epstein-Barr; HIV AIDS; Digitalknowledgetoday candidiasis;
endocarditis; Ludwig's angina; brain abscess; cellulitis; bacteremia; infection
at the piercing site.
- Allergic reactions.
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- All
or part of the jewelry can come loose, resulting in choking, aspiration or swallowing. Patients have reported swallowing jewelry more than once.
- Jewelry
may interfere with speaking, chewing, or swallowing and may require adaptation to the placement.20
- The
need to remove jewelry that can interfere with diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. X-ray, ultrasound, and CAT and MRI images may be distorted by metal jewelry. Ferromagnetic jewelry could move and cause injury during an
MRI. Electrical burns could occur during defibrillation or the use of electrocautery devices. Orofacial piercings worn during the administration of inhalation anesthesia could result in swallowing or aspiration,
bleeding, trauma and edema. Hypoxia, laryngospasm, and tongue bleeding have been reported after endotracheal intubation when tongue piercing jewelry was present. These occurrences demonstrate the importance of removing jewelry prior to such procedures.
- Remove
jewelry when wearing a mouth guard, which should be worn when participating in sports, especially contacts sports. The increased blood flow, respiration rate, and chance of bleeding from a contact injury increase the chance of infection in athletes. During sporting contact,
jewelry can be dislodged and potentially inhaled. The jewelry may prevent proper fit and function of the mouth guard resulting in increased salivation which could lead to gagging or inhibition of breathing or speech.
Complications that may occur during the initial piercing procedure
include:
- Loss
of consciousness or other medical emergencies.
- Bruising,
swelling, tenderness, and bleeding.
- The
piercer’s lack of anatomical knowledge combined with poor pain control may cause a need to perform the procedure swiftly. This can lead to poor position of the piercing/jewelry.
Primary postoperative complications may include:
- Bruising,
swelling, tenderness, bleeding, and serous drainage.
- Nerve damage.
- Prolonged
bleeding.
- Excessive salivation/drooling.
- Increased
plaque/calculus formation
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